TROS - " hi-speed ball levitation"

!: TROS - " hi-speed ball levitation"

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Uses of Various Types of Power Transformers

!: Uses of Various Types of Power Transformers

The word 'Power Transformers' explains the purpose of Power transformer. Electrical power is used to alert the power being transmitted to a high voltage and it is very good at transmitting power even at very high voltages. So, transformers help in minimizing power loss because of its resistance. It carry the received power to an exact range and will ensure the power is utilized according to the local needs. Generally it comprises of Buck Boost Transformers which is used to fine tune low voltage applications, fluctuating in the power ranging from high or low voltages conditions and motor applications. Step Up transformers enable to increase the constant low voltage condition i.e. if it is 108 volts it will raise the voltage to 120 volts. Step Down transformers unlike Step Up it will help in reducing the voltage from high voltage conditions. There are different types of transformers and they are used for different purposes. Here are some of the uses of different types of transformers

Resonant transformers

Resonant transformer is a sort of leakage transformer. It utilizes the leakage inductance of its secondary windings in blend with external capacitors, to form one or more resonant circuits. Tesla coil can produce very high voltages, and are able to supply much higher current than electrostatic high-voltage generation machines.

Instrument transformers

It is main purpose for measuring voltage and current in electrical power systems. Also used for power system protection and control. Where a voltage or current is too big to be suitably used by an instrument, it can be leveled down to a standardized, low value.

Autotransformers

Autotransformers are smaller, lighter and cheaper than a standard dual-winding transformer on the other hand autotransformer does not provide electrical isolation. Autotransformers serve the purpose to step up or down between voltages in the 110-117-120 volt range and voltages in the 220-230-240 volt range, i.e. to output either 110 or 120V from 230V input, allowing equipment from a 100 or 120V region to be used in a 230V region.

Leakage transformers

A leakage transformer, are also referred as stray-field transformer, has a importantly higher leakage inductance than other transformers, occasionally increased by a magnetic bypass or thrust in its core between primary and secondary, which is from time to time adjustable with a set screw. It is main purpose for arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps. It used for both as a voltage and as a magnetic ballast.Other than that leakage transformer are also used short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations.

Polyphase transformers

Polyphase Transformers are used for three-phase supplies. In these Polyphase transformers, the magnetic circuits are joined together, the core thus holding a three-phase flow of flux. A number of winding configurations are available, giving rise to various attributes and phase shifts. The main purpose for grounding and in the suppression of harmonic currents.

Audio transformers

Audio transformers are those particularly designed for use in audio circuits. They can be used to obstruct radio frequency interference or the DC component of an audio signal, to divide or combine audio signals, or to supply impedance matching between high and low impedance circuits. Such transformers were formerly designed to connect various telephone systems to one another whereas withholding their respective power supplies isolated, and are still usually used to interconnect professional audio systems or system components.

Uses of Various Types of Power Transformers

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Understanding Transformers

!: Understanding Transformers

We must establish some basic principles of voltage before expanding into transformers. What is current, voltage or a load? Imagine a man a hauling a cart uphill. The voltage (v) is the man (120v). The current (amps) is how much work he is doing to get up the hill (2amps) and the cart is your load (a motor of some sort). Or possibly the man brings a friend creating the two of them (240v) with both of them working together they do less work (1amp) with the load staying the same (a motor of some sort).

What does a transformer do? Transformers form a way control voltage. They take voltage and either step voltage down, step voltage up or isolate voltage in one area from another. So why is it so important to control this voltage. Take for example your local power company. It uses a step up transformer to give high voltage to the power lines which creates low amperage. Then before entering your home or local business steps the voltage back down so the voltage entering is not excessive.

What parts make up a transformer? A transformer is made up of a three main components; the laminated iron core, primary and secondary windings. The primary winding is connected the power entering the transformer (input voltage). The secondary winding is connected where the power is going to (output voltage). The laminated core is used to separated the primary and secondary windings from have any physical connection.

So how do transformers work? There are no moving parts of a transformer, instead a transformer uses induction to pass electricity from the primary winding to the secondary winding. Easy way to understand what induction is it uses a electromagnetic force to take the voltage from the primary winding and move it to the secondary winding. We control induction with turn ratio.

What is a turn ratio? A turn ratio is the relationship between the primary and the secondary winding. If there was 120v entering the transformer and 24 volts leaving the transformer. Our voltage would be stepping down with a 5/1 turn ratio. Simple math is used to calculate this; voltage entering / voltage leaving the transformer. With 120 / 24 you would have 5/1 ration.

How do you size a transformer? You size a transformer for secondary winding of a transformer. The secondary winding is rated in VA (volts times amperage). An example of this would be you have a 24v control circuit thats capacity is 2amps. You would take your voltage (24v) and multiply it by your maximum amperage (2amps) which would be 24 times 2, which equals 48 or 48 va. This means you would need a transformer rated for 48va.

Do transformers need to be serviced? No, with no moving parts there is no maintenance required. Once a transformer has gone bad, which will general show on the primary windings, it will need to be replaced. Some transformers come with a fuseable link, or a safety. If a transformer has been tripped or has gone bad, it is a general rule to search for a source causing the problem. A bad transformer is never "the problem" only a symptom of the real problem.

What are the different types of transformers? There are many types of transformers you will see in the field; step up, step down, isolating, multi tap and autotransformers. There are also another type which is a three phase transformer, this transformer pertains more to voltage entering a commercial building. As a general rule the most common type of transformer you will see is a step down transformer (control voltage).

What is the difference in these types of transformers? Step up transformers take the primary winding and step the voltage up for the secondary winding. Step down transformers take the primary winding and step is down for the voltage on the secondary winding. Isolating transformers have the same voltage on the primary and secondary. A multi tap transformer is a step up or down transformer that has multi taps on either the primary winding or secondary winding. An autotransformer is a special types of transformer which does not follow common rules of transformers. It uses a continuous winding that is tapped to provide a step down or step up function.

Transformers play a key role in AC powered systems. They are a way to control voltage. There is no maintenance required to transformer though they are excellent indicators of problems. Understand these terms and principles is key to troubleshooting and designing electrical circuits.

Understanding Transformers

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Activate Your Chakras to Improve Your Article Writing

!: Activate Your Chakras to Improve Your Article Writing

The seven Chakras are the hidden energy centres in your body through which you receive, process and transmit life energies. They act as "energy transformers" and influencers of change.

Your thoughts, emotions or actions can either block or activate these hidden energy centres. In this article, I address ways to activate each of the Chakras to improve your article writing.

1. Base Chakra - the energy of existence

This energy source is associated with survival, self-preservation and security. The major blockages to activating the Base Chakra are "self-sabotage" or self-talk that is full of self-doubt. The real tragedy is that, unless you can manage these self-doubts, you cut yourself off from the other six sources of energy.

You can activate the Base Chakra by:
* Confronting your doubts as self-sabotage and challenging them
* Visualising your completed article and the sense of achievement you will experience with publication
* Sharing your concerns with others who have been successful in article writing
* Listening to your body and learning to release any tensions associated with article writing

2. Naval Chakra - the energy of activity

This source of energy is experienced as "excitement" and is associated with doing, movement, creativity and achievement. The major blockage to this energy source is inactivity brought on by procrastination and self-doubt.

You can activate the Naval Chakra by:
* Checking out online forums and article directories for potential topics of interest to readers
* Making notes on an article topic
* Aiming for a rough first draft (do not let your perfectionist streak intervene!)
* Trying "speed writing" - write what comes to mind without concern for grammar, sentence structure or spelling (helps to thwart perfectionism)
* Taping your ideas - try using an audio tape to get ideas down

3. Solar Plexus Chakra - the energy of control

This energy is experienced as "clarity" and is associated with your sense of personal power and self control. The major blockage to this energy source is a lack of order through the absence of planning. You can tap into the energy of control by creating order, structure, form or guidance.

You can activate the Solar Plexus Chakra by:
* Capturing potential article topics in a document or Excel file
* Matching your task to your energy level - if you are a "morning person" do your creative writing in the morning and your related routine tasks at night
* Capturing ideas on how to write articles and creating your own set of guidelines
* Setting up documents on your computer with article headings and doing occasional "brain dumps"
* Building your own list of preferred article directories for submission of articles (include submission URL and key requirements, eg. word length, format)
* Establishing output targets and a routine for article writing

4. The Heart Chakra - the energy of community

This energy is experienced as "connection" - brought about by your relationships with others and by engaging them in collaborative activity. The major blockage to this energy source is "isolation" - cutting yourself off from supportive relationships.

You can engage the Heart Chakra by:
* Participating in discussion forums focused on article writing
* Developing a "learning partnership" with one other person for your mutual benefit
* Connecting to other people through workshops and teleconferences
* Sharing your article ideas with a "significant other" - your life partner, for example
* Taking time out to be with your friends
* Joining an action learning group devoted to article writing

5. The Throat Chakra - the energy of meaning

This energy is experienced as expression and is associated with metaphors, communication and beliefs. The blocks to this form of energy are unclear thinking and a lack of focus.

You can engage your Throat Chakra by:
* Journaling to capture your thoughts and reflections
* Drawing diagrams and flowcharts to clarify what you are trying to say in your writing
* Developing concept maps to clarify the relationships amongst activities, ideas & principles
* Using metaphors to create new perspectives and meanings

6. The Third Eye Chakra - the energy of integration

This energy is experienced as intuition and is associated with left and right brain, integration of male and female, wisdom and holistic approaches. One of the major blocks to this form of energy is "busyness" - incessant activity with no time for reflection.

You can engage your Third Eye Chakra by:
* Undertaking creative activity - e.g. painting, drawing or writing poetry
* Being still - getting in touch with nature and your own body
* Taking a walk - physical activity provides a good balance for sitting and writing
* Clearing the clutter from your desk and your life - a cluttered workspace can clutter your mind

7. The Crown Chakra - the energy of Spirit

This energy is experienced as transcendence and is associated with higher purpose, vision and higher consciousness. The major block to this energy is an obsession with Materialism.

You can embrace the Crown Chakra by:
* Meditating - this helps you get in touch with your higher consciousness
* Singing - helps you to find your deeper self
* Revisiting your spiritual origins - this may be through prayer or participation in religious activities

The Chakras are interconnected and interdependent. They embrace the whole person - the irrational and rational, the intuitive and emotional, the pragmatic and the aesthetic and the material and spiritual.

You can activate your Chakras to improve your article writing and your daily living.

Activate Your Chakras to Improve Your Article Writing

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A Step down transformer - 500000 volts stepped down to 230000 volts.

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Power Bright VC1000W Voltage Transformer 1000 Watt Step Up/Down 110 Volt - 220 Volt

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This is a voltage converter or transformer that can be used as a step up transformer in 110/120 volt countries or as a step down transformer in 220/230/240 volt countries. This heavy duty voltage transformer can be used for continuous duty. It will convert voltages of 220-240 volts to 110-120 and will also convert voltages from 110-120 to 220-240 volts.

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Deck Step Lighting - Made Easy With Outdoor Solar Lights

!: Deck Step Lighting - Made Easy With Outdoor Solar Lights

Recent changes to construction code requires the illumination of deck steps. This is a challenge for contractors and homeowners that are installing a new deck.

What once was strictly a carpenter's affair now requires wiring, electrical connections prone to failure, expensive transformers perhaps even an electrician and local building permit. Wires and transformers and permits Oh My!

All exterior stairways shall be provided with a light source located near the top landing of the stairway. IRC 303.6

For the contractor the issues include a longer project timeline. Worse they now run the risk of increased "call backs". Wired lights are prone to failure when electrical connections corrode. Low voltage systems are also notorious for transformer failures. Worried about not receiving that last payment from the homeowner, the contractor now has to worry about product failure. Product failure was never a concern for the deck contractor when the project used to be comprised of just wood and fasteners - no more.

For the homeowner, wired deck lights add to the cost of a deck installation (whether they know it or whether the cost is hidden in the total project cost). The wired lighting systems have multiple failure points i.e. connections, bulbs and transformers. Many systems also require a manual process to "switch on" / "switch off". Ever forget to turn lights off in a room? Trust me, you will forget to turn your deck lights on too.

The easy solution for both contractors and homeowners is Solar Deck Lights - here's why.

Easy Installation

Some of the solar lights can be installed by simply drilling a hole with a spade drill and inserting the light. That's it done. The solar light is fully contained and encapsulated. Nothing to wire - no wires!

No Wires

The inherent design of solar lights makes them fully independent. The best lights are fully encapsulated and waterproof (look for IP67 or better). Not only does the lack of wires improve installation but you've also eliminated a major failure point.

Auto ON Auto Off

Solar lights store energy during the day and light up at night. Their internal circuitry constantly monitors the amount of lumens or sunlight that hits the solar cell on top of the light. When the sun goes down the light goes on. There it is! You never have to remember to turn "those deck lights" on or get up late at night to turn them off.

Long Life

Solar lights utilize LED lights which last well over 25,000 years. In fact they last so long that deck light manufactures make no provisions to allow the consumer to change them. If they essentially never burn out why take unnecessary design steps to allow for their replacement - or so the thinking goes.

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The best part! Sit back and enjoy the glow.

Deck Step Lighting - Made Easy With Outdoor Solar Lights

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Step Down Transformers & Its Usage

!: Step Down Transformers & Its Usage

Transformer is a machine for increasing or decreasing the voltage of a discontinuous electric indicator. The transmission and supply of voltage over long distances will not be possible without this device. Step down transformer is one of the main types that are being used to decrease the voltage. As the name shows, reducing the electric power is one of the main function of this apparatus. For example: Suppose you are using a kind of product that requires only 110v but the main power diffusion is 220v, then it becomes mandatory for you to use a step down transformer. This is a machine whose secondary current is less than its primary current.

It can be said that a step down transformer changes electrical current from a higher level or phase configuration to a lower level. They involve several features like electrical isolation, voltage distribution and control. They are well planned and designed on the code of magnetic stimulation between coils to change voltage or current level. This type of device is deliberately designed to trim down the electrical energy from the main winding to the secondary winding.

Similarly, there is another type of machine designed to increase the power from the main windings to the secondary windings called step up transformer. This is a kind of device that steps up the electrical energy to higher a voltage. An apparatus in which the secondary current is high than the main current is called a step-up transformer and if the secondary current is lesser than the main current, the device is named as a step-down.

If power is applied to one winding or primary circuit, it magnetizes the iron core that transmits voltage in the secondary winding. It is important that an electrical transformer have to be competent and should drive away as little energy as sufficient in the form of temperature throughout the alteration process. If you opt for copper coils than aluminum or other winding metals, then it is possible to reduce the heat and increase transformer efficiency. Initially, you may feel that copper windings are more costly, but you can save huge amount of money on the operational cost in long run and it will balance for the higher cost paid initially.

Usually, step down transformers are prepared with two or more winds of shielded cable around a core that is made of iron and they function in many areas. They will be required by the residential or industrial user, as they used to decrease the power and increase the voltage. The big units are utilized in electric power systems, and the small units in electronic mechanisms. Residential and Industrial transformers that functions at the frequency can be 1- phase or 3-phase and designed to manage high currents or voltages. Electric transmission needs high voltages, therefore step up and step down transformers are needed.

Step Down Transformers & Its Usage

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Westmoreland Electric - Providence Point Continuing Care & Retirement Community Project

!: Westmoreland Electric - Providence Point Continuing Care & Retirement Community Project

Westmoreland Electric, Inc., an ABC member for more than twenty years from Tarrs, Pa., won the Award of Merit and the Award of Excellence for their Providence Point Continuing Care & Retirement Community project. The engineer on this project was Reese Engineering, and the owner was Baptist Homes. The judges selected this project for the Award of Excellence because during the project, Westmoreland Electric discovered inadequate service voltage, required a step-down transformer, and reduced the cost of the project by analyzing product substitutions. Westmoreland Electric self-performed 95% of the project with their own labor force, and they overcame several construction challenges (including lost time due to weather and late equipment delivery). Additionally, the company maintained two project superintendents on-site and rented a temporary warehouse to store their materials near the site of construction.

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Noisy transformer attendance bottomward

!: Noisy transformer attendance bottomward

240V AC to 110V step down to make noise, do not know if this is normal

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VOD 3000 - Heavy Duty 3000 watt 2Way Step Up / Step Down Voltage Transformer 110V-240V for Worldwide use

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2000 Watt Maximum Capacity Heavy-Duty Voltage Converter/Transformer Heavy duty for continuous use On/Off Power Switch LED Indicator for Power Source Single phase Dual Voltage Step Up or Step Down functionality Input: 110V/120V or 220V/230V/240V (Single Phase) Output 110V/120V or 220V/230V/240V (Single Phase) Input Selection in the rear of the converter Dimensions: 7.25" x 9.75" x 6" * Weight: 29 lbs. Four outlets for output in the front - 1 socket - Universal outlet (220v) - 1 socket - German Shucko outlet (220v) - 2 sockets - USA Grounded (110v) Fuse protected - Fuse will cut off the current if the transformer is overloaded to protect the transformer and your appliance NOTE: We recommend to use a Voltage Converter / Transformer that's max watts is at least 50% higher than your appliance. Some appliances such as Power tools, Motors, Laser printers and TVs require 2-3 times more watts at start up than the printed rating.

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Power Transformer Tutorial

!: Power Transformer Tutorial

Afroman covers the basics of how transformers work, where to shop for step down mains transformers, and how to wire one up to mains voltages without killing yourself. European and North American wiring is discussed. He finishes up with a quick example of AC to DC conversion in an unregulated dual rail power supply. Watch the followup video on diodes and AC to DC conversion here: www.youtube.com Don't forget to subscribe!

Power Transformer Tutorial

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8 Questions of general stress responses Converter

!: 8 Questions of general stress responses Converter

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Ten years ago, voltage converters were a curiosity... it was fantastic to know that we had mastered our universe to the degree that mains electricity could be converted to our requirements, but overall, converters weren't part of the daily lives of many. Nowadays, with the democratization of consumer electronics thanks to the Internet as well as increasing international travel, voltage converters are a common and necessary fact of life for many. Today we check out answers to 8 of the most common questions that people have about converters.

1. How do I know which converter to buy?
This will depend on the country that your appliance was manufactured in, the country in which you are using it, and its wattage or amperage. If you live in a country with 110V mains power and are buying from a country with 220V or 240V mains power, you'll need a step down converter. If you live in a country with 220V or 240V power and are buying from a 110V country, you'll need a step-up converter.

2. How do I know the wattage of my appliance?
You'll also need to know the wattage of your appliance to buy the correct converter, which you can usually discover by finding the little sticker or engraved information on it. Choose a voltage converter that is rated for slightly higher wattage than your appliance to ensure good performance.

3. Are there different requirements for TVs?
Yes. If you want to use a converter with your TV, you'll need a deluxe automatic voltage regulator rated for around 20% higher wattage than your set, because they create a power surge when they are turned on.

4. My American dryer is 220V, do I need a voltage converter to use it in Europe?
American dryers are usually 2-phase 100V power, compared to the single-phase 200V power in Europe.

5. Can I plug a powerboard into a voltage converter?
You can, but your voltage converter will need to be rated high enough to handle all of the appliances that will be plugged into the power board.

6. Do I need a voltage converter or a voltage regulator?
That depends on your appliance; a voltage regulator does the same job as a converter, but also stabilizes the current to plus or minus 4% of the voltage standard. In real life, while countries are said to run on 110V or 220V power, it can actually vary between 75V and 130V for 110V countries, and 180V to 260V in 200v countries.

7. I want to use the converter in a country with different plug pin shapes, what should I do?
Easy! Just put a plug adapter on top of your converter.

8. Do I need to convert the cycle (Hz)?
American power runs at around 60Hz, many foreign countries run at 50Hz. This will affect any appliances with motors (which will run more slowly), as well as clocks, which won't keep correct time.

Voltage converters are simple devices that are essential in our complex world!

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Power Transformer Tutorial

!: Power Transformer Tutorial

Afroman covers the basics of how transformers work, where to shop for step down mains transformers, and how to wire one up to mains voltages without killing yourself. European and North American wiring is discussed. He finishes up with a quick example of AC to DC conversion in an unregulated dual rail power supply. Watch the followup video on diodes and AC to DC conversion here: www.youtube.com Don't forget to subscribe!

Power Transformer Tutorial

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